ATTENTION

CENOMANI

Cenomàni

THE PO VALLEY,  BETWEEN

  ADDA  AND  TICINO RIVERS

PART ONE

Belonging to the people of AULERECI, which was one of the strongest and most powerful cantons in which people were divided Cisalpine Gaul.

The boundaries, with a certain approximation are: in the west, between the Adda and Oglio fiuni in the east, to the western shore of Lake Garda to the Mincio, in the north of the Alps to the Valtellina and the Adamello and south, by the river Po to Cremona.

As for the rest of the domain, it can be assumed on the basis of archaeological data that was initially settled by the Ligurians (Taurisci) before the Gauls.

Shortly after the Umbrians and Etruscans north.

In the territory cenomane settled these tribes':

CAMUNI, in Valcamonica.

TRIUMPLINI, in Valtrompia.

STONI, in the Giudicarie.

SABINI, in Val Sabbia.

BENACENSI, toward the west-south-east of Lake Garda.

ALUTRENSI, in Ledro.

And 'This is the current territory of the city' of Brescia.

The action of these populations are not restricted only to those boundaries.

Pliny described the Council of Trent, the PADS and Benacensi (Cadore) to the population Rhaetian and Veronesi in the Rhaetian and Euganean joined together.

Cenomane civilization is found throughout the basin Trent and South Tyrol. Brescia was named by his mother Catullo Verona.

Brescia also was recognized as the capital of the region (Cenomanorum caput).

The Cenomani, allies of the Veneti were in favor of the Romans against gl'Insubri.

The Insubri were defeated in battle by Claudius Marcellus in 222. C.

He described (by the Romans ...), that after the battle won, the Veneti Cenomani and acknowledge the supremacy of Rome.

Individual revolts took place, however.

The motion of the pistons that Q. Marcio Re repressed in 118 a. C., earning the honors of a triumph.

The motion of Camunni and Triumplini, with Venonneti, the Uberi and with Leponzi, in 16 to. C., under the auspices of the Emperor Augustus, were disintegrated by Publius Silius.

The most warlike warriors were sold to various public auctions, those in a certain way sedated and subdued, were aggregated to the municipality of Brescia finitimo.

To curb the defeated tribe was built in Brescia a colony, which was called by the Emperor Augustus colony Augusta Civic.

BRIXIA

( BRIC or BRIGA )

The Cenomani headed Elitovio first settled the area in which we most likely the origin of the name of Brescia.

It was the hill Cidneo (term in turn derives from Cydnus, King of the Ligurian), which inspired the name that they gave to Brescia.

Bric or Briga (Celtic roots, meaning mountain or hill fort), are in fact the semantic basis on which he built in all probability the name Brixia, ancestor, Latin Brescia.

It is also unlikely that this same etymology unites us to the near Bergamo.

The hill Cidneo must have invested heavily in the imagination, and indeed must have been for them better than un'arroccata fortress easy to defend, harvest, also had the opportunity to let your gaze wander to the farthest horizons, ideal for first settlement.

We have evidence, in fact, that from here they went down, then gradually extend the town into a real city center and Roman historians tell be so extensive as to be able to fully consider their capital.

DRACHM N° 1946

1° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1948

 1° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1894

 2° TYPE

Reference DRACMA N ° 1894

DRACMA THIS BELONGS TO THE CLASS OF VERY RARE.

NOT PUBLISHED ON BOOKS-SPECIALIZED CATALOGUES.

NOT PUBLISHED ON BOOKS CATALOGUES-MUSEUM.

SALE NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS:  NO

DRACHM N° 1588

3° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1968

3° TYPE

LE DRACME DEL 3° TIPO, AVENTI TUTTE IL TONDELLO CON IL TAGLIO NETTO, ESEGUITO A SCALPELLO E NON A TRANCIA, SI DIFFERENZIANO DA TUTTE LE ALTRE PER LA CONIATURA  FORTEMENTE DECENTRATA AL D/,  PER LE DIMENSIONI MOLTO RIDOTTE  E IN PARTICOLARE MODO PER LO SPESSORE MOLTO FORTE, CHE VARIA  GENERALMENTE DA MM. 3,10 A 3,40 MAX.

NB:

QUESTA TIPOLOGIA DI DRACME NON E' COMUNE, ANCHE SE POSSIAMO VEDERLE IN MANIERA COPIOSA NEL RIPOSTIGLIO DI MANERBIO (BRESCIA).

DRACHM N° 1241

 4° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1569

 5° TYPE

DRACHM N° 500

 6° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1217

 7° TYPE

DRACMA THIS BELONGS TO THE CLASS OF VERY RARE

DRACHM N° 889-A-

8° TYPE

DRACHM  889-A

THIS AND DRA 'IDENTICAL TO # 889, BUT SURELY NOTE STRONG WEAR DUE TO A CONDITION OF LAND WITH FEATURES OF STRONG ACIDITY' CAUSED BY HERBICIDES ECC.

ALTHOUGH THE CLEAN DRACMA PRESENTS THE D/, A STRONG CORROSION AND ALSO POINT OF VERY OBVIOUS EXFOLATION ALSO THEY EXPERIENCE DUE CRATERS OXIDE COPPER SURE THAT THESE WERE IN CONCRECAZIONE OXIDE HARD WITH APPEARANCE IN RELIEF BEFORE CLEANING.

DRACHM N° 1570

 9° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1571

 9° TYPE ?

DRACHM N° 1572

10° TYPE

DRACHM N° 807

11° TYPE

DRACHM N° 654

12° TYPE

(HEAVY TYPE)

DRACHM  N°654

THIS DRACMA PRESENTS A SPECIAL FEATURE TIED BY ITS WEIGHT WEIGHT VERY HIGH GR.3,250.

STYLE ALLEGORY IS VERY SIMILAR TO DRA LOWER WEIGHT WITH WEIGHT THAT VARY FROM A MINIMUM OF 2.10 TO A MAXIMUM OF 2.70 TO 2.75.

THIS TRAGEDY SHOULD SO 'PLACE IN THE FIELD OF HEAVY DUTY.

FEW EXAMPLES ARE KNOWN WITH THIS FEATURE.

IN CLOSETS KNOWN THIS DRACHM APPEAR SPORADICALLY ABOUT WEIGHT WITH THIS, BUT NOT IDENTICAL ALLEGORY LAW.

ALTHOUGH THE LION IN REVERSE E'FEDELMENTE USUAL CENOMANE,

THE R / I SHOT (MINT OF ORIGIN) IN THE LION'S MANE AND FIVE ARE NOT USUALLY FOUR.

DRACHM N° 1506

5° TYPE

DRACHM N° 806

 13° TYPE

DRACHM  N° 806

HAVING IN THIS DRAMA D / PRESENTS A ALLEGORIA stylistically DIFFERENT FROM USUAL.

THE R / I SHOT (MINT OF ORIGIN) IN THE LION'S MANE AND EIGHT ARE NOT USUALLY FOUR.

DRACHM N° 1298

 14° TYPE

(SUBERATE)

DRACMA THIS BELONGS TO THE CLASS OF VERY RARE.

SEE FABRICATION TECHNIQUES OF DRACHM

the shearing side of the coin.

EVALUATION

YEAR 2024

CENOMANI PART 1 

To the initial evaluation must be add the increase, expressed as a percentage, in accordance with the degree of rarity.

FINE

1° *00.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *00.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *50.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *70.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

FINE +

1°   *90.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *100.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *150.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *250.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

VERY FINE

1° *300.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *450.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *600.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *000.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

EXTREMELY FINE

1° *1,000.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *0,000.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *0,000.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *1,700.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

IMPORTANT  

ALL THE DRACHMS  AND EMIDRACHMS ON THIS WEBSITE ARE THE BEST EXAMPLES THAT  I COULD FOUND.

THE MOST OF THESE ARE IN GOOD CONDITION.

OWNERSHIP OF MOST OF THE DRACHM  IS OF MUSEUMS, SOME ARE PUBLISCHED IN THE AUCTIONS AND ONLY A FEW OF THEM BELONGS TO PRIVATE.

IN ORDER TO EXCLUDE ANY DOUBT RELATING TO DRACMS AND EMIDRACHMS OF PADANIA CELTIC (NORTH ITALY), I HAVE DECIDED TO PUT ALSO DRACHMS OF LOW PRESERVATION WITH SOME PROBLEMS DUE TO IMPORTANT  FACTORS  AS  CORROSION,  OXIDATION,   EXFOLIATION ETC., CAUSED BY THE TIME AND IN PARTICULAR WAY  BY THE VARIOUS TYPES OF LAND WITH FEATURES OF STRONG  OR LOW ACIDITY, CAUSED ALSO FROM FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS.

I HAVE DECIDED TO ADD THESE LOW PRESERVATION DRACMS BECAUSE NORMALLY WHEN DRACHMS OF VERY HIGH PRESERVATION ARE SEEN IT’S EASY TO GIVE INCORRECT ASCRIPTION WITHOUT ANY FONDATION.

IDENTICAL DRACMS OF THE SAME COINAGE PRESETED IN THIS WEBSITE OR THAT THERE WILL BE INSERTED THEY WILL BE NO MORE THEN  TWO COPIES.

ALTHOUGH IDENTICAL (FROM THE SAME COINAGE), THE TWO COPIES WILL BE DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWING:

THE FIRST DRACM WITH THE FEATURE OF HIGHT PRESERVATION:

FROM BB: FINE+ TO SPL: EXTREMELY FINE.

THE SECOND WITH THE FEATURE OF LOW PRESERVATION:

FROM M: POOR FINE TO  q B:  ALMOST  FINE. TO B: FINE.

THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE DRACM WILL BE:

No. 889 A IDENTICAL TO No. 889.

SOURCES REFERENCES

Mommsen, in Corp. Inscr. Lat., V, p. 413

Lauterbach, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte von der Unterwerfung.

Oberitalien durch die Römer, Wroclaw 1905.

E. Desjardins, Geogr. de la Gaule, II, Paris 1876-85, pp. 206, 497.

A. Longnon, Geogr. de la Gaule, Paris 1878, p. 294.

U. Pedroli, Cisalpine Gaul and Rome, Turin 1893, p. 32 et seq., G. Oberziner, Augustus's wars against the peoples of the Alps, Rome 1900, p. 41 et seq.

Brescia in vetrina: I Galli Cenomani

Select the Celtic population of interest to open the section

Padania Celtic (North Italy) Coins Cataloguin

Republic of Venice, Coins Cataloguin - Dogi Historical, Political and Numismatic Chronicle