INSUBRI

 (Insŭbres  - Ινσοβροι  - Ινσουβροι )

LOMBARD-PIEMONTESE VALLEY

PART 1

CENTURY BC. V
 

THE POPULATION OF THE CELTIC INSUBRI IS A NATIVE OF GAUL, BELONGING TO THE BRANCH OF THE AEDUI.

THIS POPULATION FACTOR MILITIA IS CERTAINLY POWERFUL AND WELL-TRAINED, IS A GOOD TERRITORY IN NORTHERN ITALY AT THE TIME OF MIGRATION OF THE VARIOUS CELTIC TRIBES, TOWARDS THE MIDDLE OF THE CENTURY. V IN. C.ABOUT.

THE CITY'S MAIN TERRITORY WAS MEDIOLANUM, BUT THE BOUNDARIES ARE NOT VERY RELIABLE.

THEIR TERRITORY INCLUDED ANGERA, BREBBIA, MONZA, VIMERCATE.

THE VERSION OF PTOLEMY INDICATES THAT SALASSI AND THE LIBYANS WERE BORDERING THE INSUBRES.

AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR THE INSUBRES ARE AT WAR WITH TAURINI, THEREFORE, WE THINK THAT THEY HAD EXTENDED THEIR SUPREMACY OVER THE CELTIC TRIBES IN THEIR CLOSEST, AS LAEVII AND ANARES.

ARE CONSIDERED INSUBRI THE TERRITORIES OF COMO, PAVIA, NOVARA, LODI AND BERGAMO OLD.

THE TABLE PEUTINGERIANA THE INSUBRES STRETCH UP TO EPOREDIA.
 
YEAR 232-225 BC
 
WHEREAS SOME QUESTIONABLE NEWS THAT RELATE TO THEIR MIGRATION AND TO THEIR ALLOCATION, THE INSUBRES THERE ARE DESCRIBED AS POPULATION IN GREAT STIR IN THE 232 TO. C., TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER LINEAGES CISALPINE, WHEN DESCRIBING C. FLAMINIO PUT FORWARD HIS FAMOUS PROPOSAL FOR THE DISTRIBUTION VIRITANA AGER GALLICUS.

THE LINK BETWEEN THIS MOVEMENT AND THIS PROPOSAL IS NOT CLEAR, AND THE FACT IS THAT THEY MOVED ONLY IN 225 A. C., AFTER WHICH AN ALLOY WAS FORMED BETWEEN THEM AND THE BOII, THE LINGONES AND PROBABLY ALSO THE TAURINI.
 
THE INSUBRI STRENGTHENED BY NUMEROUS MILITARY RANKS GESATI CALLS, FROM THE SAME HOMELAND, THEY MANAGED TO WIN SOME OTTENNERE INITIALLY, ONLY TO BE DEFEATED IN THE BATTLE OF TELAMON.

THE ROMAN ARMY IN THIS BATTLE LOSES THE CONSUL C. REGULUS, CONQUERING GAUL.

EVEN THE MIGHTY PEOPLE OF THE BOII, AFTER ABOUT A YEAR HAD TO SURRENDER.
 
YEAR 223-222 BC
 
IN THE YEAR 223 BC THE CONSULS C. FLAMINIO AND P. FURIO INVADED PART OF TRANSPADANA.

FACED WITH GL'INSUBRI BY THE RIVER OGLIO MANAGED TO DEFEAT THEM.

CALLED FLAMINIO AND P.FURIO BY THE SENATE IN ROME, WAS CELEBRATED THEIR TRIUMPH A FEW DAYS BEFORE THE IDES OF MARCH IN THE YEAR 222 BC.

THE WAR WAS ENDED BY THE CONSULS CN. CORNELIUS SCIPIO AND M.CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, THE LATTER DEFEATED THE BARBARIANS IN CLASTIDIO, KILLING THE RULER VIRDUMARO.

CLAUDIO MARCELLO, TAKING ACERRE, ONE 'MEDIOLANUM BEATING IT AGAINST HIS ARMY.

THE INSUBRI HAD TO RESIGN THEMSELVES TO THE STATUS OF ALLIES, GIVING THE WHOLE CREMONA WHERE IT WAS FOUNDED.

IN THE SECOND PUNIC WAR, THE INSUBRES, ENEMIES OF TAURINI FAVORED HANNIBAL, PROVIDING LARGE MILITARY TROOPS, REMAINED LOYAL THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF THE WAR.
 
YEAR 198-49 A.C
 
IN THE YEAR 198 A. C. WAS CAPTURED PIACENZA, WHICH LED TO A MASSIVE INTERVENTION OF THE ROMANS AND CONSEQUENTLY TO A LASTING PEACE IN THE YEAR 194 BC.

BY VIRTUE OF THE LEX POMPEIA STRABONIS THE YEAR 89 BC, MEDIOLANUM WAS THE ROMAN LAW, AND IN THE YEAR 49 BC, THE ROMAN CITIZENSHIP.
 
THE WAY OF LIFE IN THE VILLAGES DISAPPEARED, SO 'AS THE RACE OF INSUBRI, INGLOBANDOSI RADICALLY ORDINARY CITIZENS, SOMEHOW KEEPING THE ORIGINAL NAME.

DRACHM N° 191

 1° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1818

 2° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1542

2° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1566

4° TYPE

DRACHM N° 492

 4° TYPE

DRACHM N° 225

 6° TYPE

DRACHM N° 487

7° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1576

8° TYPE

DRACMA  N° 1964

9° TYPE

DRACHM N° 1436

 10° TYPE

DRACHM N° 340

11° TYPE

( SUBERATE)

QUESTA DRACMA APPARTIENE ALLA CLASSE DELLE DRACME MOLTO RARE

MOLTO INTERESSANTE NOTARE GLI  ESEMPLARI

N°1964-1436-340.

LA DRACMA N°1964 DI RIDOTTO DIAMETRO: 14,900, SI ATTESTA GENERALMENTE AL PESO PONDERALE UGUALE, COME ALLA MAGGIORE PARTE ESISTENTE NEI VARI MUSEI DA MIN. GR.2,650 A MAX.  GR.2,750-2,800.

LA DRACMA N°1436, PROVENIENTE DALLO STESSO CONIO, SEBBENE PRESENTA USURA MOLECOLARE DEL METALLO HA UN PESO MOLTO ALTO, OVVERO GR.3,103.

NON SONO RIUSCITO A TROVARNE ALTRE DRACME NEI TESTI VARI. SOLAMENTE UNA DRACMA POSSEDEVA QUESTA CARATTERISTICA NELLE COLLEZIONI MUSEALI AVENTE IL PESO DI GR.3,050, IN CONSERVAZIONE BASSA E  FORTEMENTE USURATA.

MOLTO INTERESSANTE  E' LA N° 340, CHE SEBBENE PROVENIENTE DALLO STESSO CONIO DELLE DRACME N°1436 E N°1964 E' SUBERATA.

QUESTA DRACMA, RISULTEREBBE PRODOTTA NELLA PARTE FINALE DELL'ESISTENZA DELLE POPOLAZIONI CELTICHE DELL'ITALIA SETTENTRIONALE.

QUESTE DRACME, SONO MOLTO DIFFICILI DA REPERIRE SUL MERCATO ATTUALE IN CONSERVAZIONE COME LA  N°340.

SOLITAMENTE, SI TROVANO CON FORTE STATO DI CORROSIONE TOTALE, SENZA TRACCIA DELLA LAMINA DI ARGENTO.

EVALUATION

YEAR 2024

 INSUBRES PART 1

To the initial evaluation must be add the increase, expressed as a percentage, in accordance with the degree of rarity.

FINE

1° *00.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *00.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *50.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *70.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

FINE +

1°   *90.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *100.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *150.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *250.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

VERY FINE 

1° *300.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *450.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *600.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *800.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

EXTREMELY FINE

1° *1,000.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

2° *1,200.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

3° *1,500.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

4° *2,000.00 - R 1 + 10% R 2 + 15% R 3 + 50% R 4 + 100%

IMPORTANT:

 DRACMA TIPO PESANTE:

VALUTAZIONE SUPERIORE  FINO AL  300%.

DRACMA TIPO SUBERATA, COME LA N°340: 

VALUTAZIONE SUPERIORE FINO AL 600/700% 

NB:

THE HEAVY TYPE DRACHMAS HAVE A HIGHER EVALUATION UP TO 300%.

SOURCES REFERENCES
 
 
G. DE SANCTIS, HISTORY OF THE ROMANS, I, TURIN 1907, P. 161 ET SEQ., III, 1917, PART 1, P. 304 ET SEQ., PART 2, P. 91 AND N541, IV, 1923, P.410 ET SEQ.
M. BARATTA, CLASTIDIUM, PAVIA 1932. T. MOMMSEN IN CORP. INSCR.LAT., I, P. 47, V, P. 715.
PTOLEMY (III, 1, 30 AND 32), R. KIEPERT, FRAMES ORBIS ANCIENTS, LEAF XXIII, TEXT P. 5.
C. F. CZOERNIG, VÖLKER DIE ALTEN OBERITALIENS, VIENNA 1885.
H. NISSEN, ITALISCHE LANDESKUNDE, I, BERLIN 1883, P. 477, II, INCLUDING 1902, P. 179.

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